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 Formulary Chapter 6: Endocrine system - Full Chapter
Notes:

 

 

 

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06.01.02  Expand sub section  Antidiabetic drugs
06.01.02.01  Expand sub section  Sulphonyureas
Gliclazide
(Oral presentations)
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Formulary
Green
  • Tablets
  • Modified Release Tablets

Check OptimiseRx for most cost effective brand

 
Link  NG28 :Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
Tolbutamide
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Amber Recommended
 
 
Glimepiride
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Formulary
Green
 
 
06.01.02.02  Expand sub section  Biguanides
Metformin
(Powder)
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Second Choice
Green

Patients with swallowing difficulties

 
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
Metformin
(Oral Solution SF)
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Second Choice
Green
High Cost Medicine

For patients with swallowing difficulties only.

Tablets more cost effective.

 
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
Metformin
(Tablets)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
Metformin
(M/R tablets)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

Check Optimise Rx for most cost effective brand 

 
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  Other antidiabetic drugs
Alogliptin with Metformin (Vipdomet)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

A variety of combinations tablets (dual therapies) of oral diabetes medication can be prescribed and are available in the Drug Tariff.   

Overall, they may improve compliance in patients, however some combinations would then not allow the flexibility in dosing that is required for diabetes management and in some cases increase the tablet burden. There are specific sick-day rules related to stopping certain medication which would be further complicated where they are not prescribed in their separate formulations.

Furthermore, for the overall health economy not all combination therapies are cost-effective and this will be increasingly so as the patents expire over the near future.

There are some combination therapies that are not recommended in the oral guidance and clinicians are guided to review and discuss these with patients as part of shared -care decision making. 

There are complexities also around the lack of licensing of dual therapies in specific cohorts of patients, related to prescribing for the indication of heart failure or renal disease, making this a complex area for prescribing in primary care. 

 
 
Canagliflozin/Metformin (Vokanamet)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
 
Dapagliflozin / Metformin (Xigduo)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
 
Empagliflozin / Metformin  (Synjardy )
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Formulary
Green
 
 
Linagliptin/ Metformin (Jentadueto )
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

A variety of combinations tablets (dual therapies)
of oral diabetes medication can be prescribed and
are available in the Drug Tariff.


Overall, they may improve compliance in patients,
however some combinations would then not allow
the flexibility in dosing that is required for diabetes
management and in some cases increase the
tablet burden. There are specific sick-day rules
related to stopping certain medication which
would be further complicated where they are not
prescribed in their separate formulations.


Furthermore, for the overall health economy not
all combination therapies are cost-effective and
this will be increasingly so as the patents expire
over the near future. There are some combination
therapies that are not recommended in the oral
guidance and clinicians are guided to review and
discuss these with patients as part of shared -care
decision making.


There are complexities also around the lack of
licensing of dual therapies in specific cohorts of
patients, related to prescribing for the indication of
heart failure or renal disease, making this a
complex area for prescribing in primary care

 
 
Sitagliptin and Metformin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

A variety of combinations tablets (dual therapies)
of oral diabetes medication can be prescribed and
are available in the Drug Tariff.


Overall, they may improve compliance in patients,
however some combinations would then not allow
the flexibility in dosing that is required for diabetes
management and in some cases increase the
tablet burden. There are specific sick-day rules
related to stopping certain medication which
would be further complicated where they are not
prescribed in their separate formulations.


Furthermore, for the overall health economy not
all combination therapies are cost-effective and
this will be increasingly so as the patents expire
over the near future. There are some combination
therapies that are not recommended in the oral
guidance and clinicians are guided to review and
discuss these with patients as part of shared -care
decision making.


There are complexities also around the lack of
licensing of dual therapies in specific cohorts of
patients, related to prescribing for the indication of
heart failure or renal disease, making this a
complex area for prescribing in primary care

 
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  DPP-4 inhibitors to top
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  GLP-1 mimetics
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins)
Sitagliptin
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First Choice
Green

To be used in line with NICE

First line treatment option where a DPP-4 inhibitor is indicated.


No significant clinical benefit when used in combination with Insulin – avoid using together

 
Alogliptin (Vipidia)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

In line with NICE No significant clinical benefit when used in combination with Insulin – avoid using together 

 
Link  MHRA: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors: risk of acute pancreatitis
 
Linagliptin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

In line with NICE
Linagliptin has no significant clinical benefit or renoprotective effect in patients with CKD.

Sitagliptin should be used first line at the appropriate renal dose
where a DPP4 inhibitor is indicated


No significant clinical benefit when used in combination
with Insulin – avoid using together

 
Link  MHRA: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors: risk of acute pancreatitis
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  SGLT2 inhibitors
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  GLP1 agonists to top
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

PLEASE PRESCRIBE BY BRAND NICE Guidance on prescribing

 

 
Link  How to use Trulicity Pen - Video
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management (Dec 2015)
 
Exenatide
( prolonged-release suspension for injection)
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Formulary
Green
  •  prolonged-release suspension for injection
 
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management (Dec 2015)
 
Liraglutide (Saxenda)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Red

PLEASE PRESCRIBE BY BRAND - NICE Guidance on prescribing

• Injection
• For weight loss/ obesity
• Use according to NICE guidance

The use of Liraglutide for this indication is restricted to prescribing in secondary care by a specialist multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service with a commercial agreement in place.

Prescribe by brand (Saxenda ®) to avoid patients inadvertently receiving a different product licensed for type 2 diabetes

 

 
Link  NICE TA664: Liraglutide for managing overweight and obesity
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
Liraglutide (Victoza)
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

PLEASE PRESCRIBE BY BRAND - NICE Guidance on prescribing

Use according to NICE guidance

For the treatment of type 2 diabetes ONLY

THIS IS FOR DIABETES ONLY.  Prescribe by brand (Victoza®) to avoid patients inadvertently receiving a different product licensed for obesity.

 
Link  NICE TA664: Liraglutide for managing overweight and obesity
Link  How to use Victoza Pen - Video
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management (Dec 2015)
 
Lixisenatide
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
 
Semaglutide (Rybelsus▼)
(Oral Tablets)
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Formulary

PLEASE PRESCRIBE BY BRAND - NICE Guidance on prescribing

 

Rybelsus is a tablet for once-daily oral use but has special administration directions:

    • It must be taken on an empty stomach at any time of the day.
    • Patients are required to wait at least 30 minutes before eating/drinking or taking other oral medicinal products. Waiting less than 30 minutes decreases absorption.
    • It should be swallowed whole with a sip of water (up to half a glass of water equivalent to 120 ml).

 

 
 
Semaglutide (Wegovy )
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Red

PLEASE PRESCRIBE BY BRAND NICE Guidance on prescribing

Semaglutide is a biological medicine. Biological medicines must be prescribed and dispensed by brand name, see Biological medicines and Biosimilar medicines, under Guidance on Prescribing; manufacturer advises to record the brand name and batch number after each administration.

 

The use of semaglutide for this indication is restricted to prescribing by commissioned clinics in secondary care by a consultant led specialist multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service with a commercial agreement in place.

Prescribe by brand (Wegovy®) to avoid patients inadvertently receiving a different product licensed for type 2 diabetes.

 

 
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  Meglitinides
Repaglinide
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Amber Recommended
 
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  SGL2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

For treating Type 2 diabetes  in line with NICE, and chronic kidney disease.

Do not use SGLT2-inhibitors in patients with T1DM, regardless of CKD and/or heart failure status due to risk of DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) 

 
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: monitor ketones in blood during treatment interruption for surgical procedures or acute serious medical illness
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: reports of Fourniers gangrene (necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia or perineum) (Feb 2019)
Link  MHRA: Canagliflozin (Invokana, Vokanamet): signal of increased risk of lower extremity amputations observed in trial in high cardiovascular risk patients
Link  MHRA: SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin): risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
Link  NICE TA315: Canagliflozin in combination therapy for treating type 2 diabetes
Link  NICE TA390: Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as monotherapies for treating type 2 diabetes
 
Dapagliflozin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary

 

  for treating Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in line with NICE 

Do not use SGLT2-inhibitors in patients with T1DM, regardless of CKD and/or heart failure status due to risk of DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Amber Recommended Treatment of all grades of symptomatic heart failure 

 

SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis

MHRA: SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on increased risk of lower-limb amputation (mainly toes)

 
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: monitor ketones in blood during treatment interruption for surgical procedures or acute serious medical illness
Link  NICE TA775: Dapagliflozin for treating chronic kidney disease
Link  NICE TA679: Dapagliflozin for treating chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: reports of Fourniers gangrene (necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia or perineum) (Feb 2019)
Link  NICE TA288: Dapagliflozin in combination therapy for treating type 2 diabetes
Link  NICE TA390: Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as monotherapies for treating type 2 diabetes
Link  NICE TA418: Dapagliflozin in triple therapy for treating type 2 diabetes
 
Empagliflozin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary

 Green For treating type 2 diabetes
Do not use SGLT2-inhibitors in patients with T1DM, regardless of CKD and/or heart failure status due to risk of DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Amber Recommended treatment of all grades of symptomatic heart failure

SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis

MHRA: SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on increased risk of lower-limb amputation (mainly toes)

 
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: monitor ketones in blood during treatment interruption for surgical procedures or acute serious medical illness
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: reports of Fourniers gangrene (necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia or perineum) (Feb 2019)
Link  MHRA: SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin): risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
Link  NICE TA773: Empagliflozin for treating chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Link  NICE TA336: Empagliflozin in combination therapy for treating type 2 diabetes
Link  NICE TA390: Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as monotherapies for treating type 2 diabetes
 
Empagliflozin/Linagliptin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

 

 

 

 
 
ErtugliflozinBlack Triangle
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

In line with NICE


Do not use SGLT2-inhibitors in patients with T1DM,
regardless of CKD and/or heart failure status due to risk
of DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)

 

 
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: monitor ketones in blood during treatment interruption for surgical procedures or acute serious medical illness
Link  NICE TA583: Ertugliflozin with metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes
Link  MHRA Alert: SGLT2 inhibitors: reports of Fourniers gangrene (necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia or perineum) (Feb 2019)
Link  NICE TA572: Ertugliflozin as monotherapy or with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  Other
Capsaicin
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary

Green 

  • Axsain
  • Zacin

Red

  • Qutenza - PAIN TEAM ONLY
 
 
Duloxetine
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green

Prescribe generically as 30mg & 60mg.

90 and 120mg not cost-effective

 
 
Irbesartan
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
 
Losartan Potassium
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
 
06.01.02.03  Expand sub section  Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone
View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Formulary
Green
 
Link  MHRA: Insulin combined with pioglitazone: risk of cardiac failure
Link  MHRA: Pioglitazone: risk of bladder cancer
Link  NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
 
06.01.02.05  Expand sub section  Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists - once weekly to top
06.01.02.07  Expand sub section  Other antidiabetic drugs
 ....
 Non Formulary Items
Acarbose
(tablets)

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Non Formulary
Black
Acarbose  (Glucobay)
(tablets)

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Non Formulary
Black

For existing patients ONLY

Chlorpropamide

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Non Formulary
Black
Glipizide

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Non Formulary
Black
Gliquidone  (Glurenorm®)

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Nateglinide  (Starlix)

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black

For existing patients ONLY

Pioglitazone  (Actos)

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black

Pioglitazone should not be used in people who have heart failure or who are at higher risk of fracture. Continue Pioglitazone therapy only if there is a reduction of ≥0.5 percentage points in HbA1c in 6 months. Monitor for liver toxicity. There is risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone. Do not use in active bladder cancer or a past history of bladder cancer, or in those who have uninvestigated macroscopic haematuria. Assess risks for bladder cancer after 3-6months of starting pioglitazone. Refer to current BNF for full contraindications and interactions.

Link  MHRA: Insulin combined with pioglitazone: risk of cardiac failure
Link  MHRA: Pioglitazone: risk of bladder cancer
Link  TA63: Glitazones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Review of TA9 and TA21)
Pioglitazone and Metfomin

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
Rosglitazone  (Avandia)

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Rosiglitazone and Metformin  (Avandamet)

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Saxagliptin

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
Saxagliptin and Dapagliflozin

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
Saxagliptin and Metformin

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
Sitagliptin  (Januvia)

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
Link  MHRA: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors: risk of acute pancreatitis
Vildagliptin

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
Vildagliptin/ Metformin

View adult BNF View SPC online View childrens BNF
Non Formulary
Black
  
Key
Restricted Drug Restricted Drug
Unlicensed Drug Unlicensed
click to search medicines.org.uk
Link to adult BNF
click to search medicines.org.uk
Link to children's BNF
click to search medicines.org.uk
Link to SPCs
Cytotoxic Drug
Cytotoxic Drug
CD
Controlled Drug
High Cost Medicine
High Cost Medicine
Cancer Drugs Fund
Cancer Drugs Fund
NHSE
NHS England
Homecare
Homecare
ICB
ICB
Green Low Carbon

Low carbon footprint

Amber Medium Carbon

Medium carbon footprint

Red High carbon footprint

High carbon footprint

Status Description

Green

Medicines which are suitable for initiation and maintenance prescribing by primary and secondary care clinicians. These medicines should be initiated and prescribed within their licensed indications  

Amber Initiation

Amber Specialist Initiation: Initiation and maintenance of prescribing by Specialists and transfer to Primary Care prescribing when appropriate. This may be supported by a RICaD, annotated within the formulary entry.  

Amber SC

Amber Shared Care: Initiation and maintenance of prescribing by Specialists and transfer to Primary Care prescribing, in accordance with an ESCA, annotated within the formulary entry.  

Amber Recommended

Amber Specialist Recommendation: Initiation and maintenance of prescribing in Primary Care following recommendation from a specialist.  

Red

Medicines for initiation and maintenance prescribing by Specialists (hospital or GPs with Special Interest) only  

Grey

Positive NICE TA and /or awaiting local clarification on place in therapy; Please contact your Medicines Optimisation team for more information.  

Black

Non-formulary Medicines which APC/Trust DTC has actively reviewed and do not recommend for use.  

Multiple

Check Notes as varies across the area  

netFormulary